Which of the obligatory, necessary, and supererogatory prayers should be performed in congregation, and which should be…

It is obligatory for men who are required to perform the Friday prayer to perform it in congregation at the mosque. According to the Hanafis and Malikis, performing the obligatory prayers of the five daily prayers in congregation at the mosque is a confirmed (emphasized) Sunnah. Based on hadiths and related verses that emphasize the importance of congregational prayer, the Hanbalis state that performing the five daily prayers in congregation is an individual obligation (fard al-‘ayn) for men, while the Shafi‘is consider it a communal obligation (fard al-kifayah). (Marghinani, al-Hidaya, 1/56-57; Kasani, Bada’i‘, 1/155; Jaziri, al-Madhahib al-Arba‘a, 1/368-369)

The Eid prayers for Ramadan and Eid al-Adha are among the necessary (wajib) prayers and are performed in congregation. (Mawsili, al-Ikhtiyar, 1/85) Among the Sunnah prayers, the Tarawih prayer may be performed in congregation. When Tarawih is performed in congregation, the Witr prayer may also be performed in congregation. Outside of Ramadan, it is disliked (makruh) to perform the Witr prayer in congregation. (Mawsili, al-Ikhtiyar, 1/69)

Among the supererogatory (nafl) prayers, the eclipse prayer (kusuf, solar eclipse) and, according to the two Imams (Imameyn), the prayer for rain (istisqa) are also performed in congregation. (Mawsili, al-Ikhtiyar, 1/70-72) For all other Sunnah and supererogatory prayers, it is preferable for everyone to perform them individually; performing them in congregation is considered disliked (makruh). (Sarakhsi, al-Mabsut, 2/144)

As for the Tasbih prayer, which is a supererogatory prayer (Abu Dawud, Tatavvu‘, 302 [1297]), since there is no information in our sources indicating that it can be performed in congregation, it is more appropriate to perform this prayer individually as well.

Source: T.C. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu