Who is obligated to give zakat al-fitr?

Muslims who reach Eid al-Fitr and possess wealth equal to or greater than the nisab amount (80.18 grams of gold or its equivalent) beyond their basic needs and debts for one year are obligated to give zakat al-fitr for themselves and those under their guardianship. (Kâsânî, Bedâ’i, 2/70,72) However, for zakat al-fitr, the wealth does not need to be of an “increasing” nature or to have been held for a lunar year.

A person is responsible for giving zakat al-fitr for themselves and their minor children. (Kâsânî, Bedâ’i, 2/70) On the other hand, there is no obligation to pay zakat al-fitr for one’s parents, adult children, spouse, siblings, or other relatives. (Kâsânî, Bedâ’i, 2/70,72) However, if one pays on behalf of these individuals without their authorization, it is still valid.

According to the Shafi'i school, giving zakat al-fitr is “obligatory” (farz), and possessing the nisab amount of wealth is not a condition for obligation. Accordingly, every Muslim, whether rich or poor, who has enough provisions for themselves and their dependents for the day and night of Eid, is required to give zakat al-fitr. (Şirbînî, Muğni’l-muhtâc, 2/113) Furthermore, a wealthy person must also give zakat al-fitr on behalf of their Muslim spouse, children, parents, and other relatives. (Şirbînî, Muğni’l-muhtâc, 2/114; İbn Rüşd, Bidâyetü'l-müctehid, 2/41)

Source: T.C. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu